The technical infrastructure of Russia's digital ruble project is built on a private, closed platform entirely managed by the Central Bank (Bank of Russia). It's designed as one of the world's most centralized CBDC (centralized digital currency) systems. In its simplest form, the technical details are as follows:

Centralized structure of the platform → The digital ruble operates on a single platform (Платформа цифрового рубля - Platforma tsifrovogo rublya). This platform is directly integrated into the Central Bank's IT infrastructure. All digital rubles are stored here, and all transactions take place here. Commercial banks only act as a "bridge"; the money is held not in bank accounts, but directly in the Central Bank's digital wallets.
Blockchain technology → Yes, a closed (permissioned) blockchain is used. Each digital ruble is represented as a unique token (digital code). These tokens are recorded in a blockchain-like structure: transactions are monitored transparently but in a controlled manner, making counterfeiting and double spending impossible. However, this is not an open and anonymous blockchain like Bitcoin; A completely state-controlled, closed system.
Two-tier model →
First tier: The Central Bank issues the digital ruble, operates the platform, and manages all core transactions.
Second tier: Commercial banks provide services to users – opening digital wallets, mobile application integration, customer support, etc. Banks connect to the platform, but the money remains directly with the Central Bank.
Transaction speed and architecture → Transactions take place in near real-time. Faster than traditional bank transfers because intermediate layers (interbank systems) are bypassed; everything happens on a single platform. QR code payments (with the universal QR system) are integrated, becoming mandatory in large stores from 2026.
Cryptographic protection and security infrastructure →
Native Russian crypto standards (FSS approved) are used.
Each transaction is signed with an electronic digital signature.
Data transmission passes through encrypted channels.
Banks are required to comply with strict levels of crypto protection set by the Central Bank (e.g., a specific class of SКЗИ - crypto protection tools).
Certificate management is automated; users authenticate via Gosuslugi and receive electronic signatures. Offline preparation → The infrastructure is being tested to allow transactions even without internet in the future (e.g., via NFC or Bluetooth), but currently it is predominantly online.
In short: The technical infrastructure of the digital ruble is a centralized, closed blockchain-based, highly secure system protected by domestically developed software/hardware specific to Russia. Commercial banks provide the user interface, but everything is under the direct control of the Central Bank. This aims for fast and inexpensive payments that are resistant to sanctions – but also have full state control. It will be rolled out to major banks and companies from September 2026, and technical tests appear to have been successfully completed in the pilot phase.

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