Can the Southern Common Market Agreement become the world's largest free trade zone? This has been the goal that the European Union has been striving for over the past 25 years. According to the agreement, Europe will gain exemption from tariffs and trade barriers on over 90% of goods—sounds very attractive, but in practice, implementation faces numerous difficulties.

Why is that? On one hand, South American agricultural exports will directly impact the interests of European farmers, with major agricultural countries like France and Italy voicing the strongest opposition. On the other hand, doubts remain about the South American countries' enforcement of labor standards and environmental commitments, which causes significant concerns within the EU.

Trade agreements may seem simple on the surface, but they actually involve multiple dimensions such as利益博弈, industry protection, and political compromise. This is also why similar agreements often fall into negotiation deadlock—each party wants to benefit but is reluctant to make concessions. The complexity of this global trade situation, to some extent, reflects the current state of the economic landscape: the tug-of-war between free flow and protectionism is far from over.