The Fusaka upgrade will fall the operating costs of the node and promote the expansion of Ethereum.

Ethereum developers are preparing for the second major upgrade this year, named Fusaka, which is expected to be deployed by the end of November or early December, depending on the final test results on the testnet.

The name Fusaka is a combination of Fulu and Osaka, consisting of two upgrades taking place simultaneously on the ( consensus layer and the ) execution layer of Ethereum.

The goal of the Fusaka upgrade is to enhance the scalability and performance of the Ethereum network, helping to reduce transaction costs on rollup networks and simplifying node operation, especially benefiting newcomers who want to participate in operating the network without needing to invest in overly expensive infrastructure.

Fusaka includes 12 major changes in the source code, also known as Ethereum Improvement Proposals (EIPs), focusing on increasing data capacity, reducing costs, and optimizing the operation of validators.

( Highlight: EIP-7594 – PeerDAS

One of the most notable improvements is EIP-7594, also known as Peer Data Availability Sampling )PeerDAS### – a mechanism that allows validators to verify the availability of data by sampling small portions instead of downloading the entire dataset.

This allows the Ethereum network to process more rollup data per block, thereby reducing transaction costs on Layer 2 and increasing throughput without affecting decentralization.

( The impact of Fusaka

Fusaka is expected to help individuals or small organizations operate nodes more easily, rather than just optimizing for the existing large validators.

Thanks to performance improvements, operators with fewer validators or newcomers can start or maintain a node more simply and resource-efficient.

However, large-scale operating organizations such as staking pools will not see significant cost savings.

According to VanEck, a leading asset management company, Fusaka is a significant upgrade for users as it will reduce costs for rollups and increase efficiency for large organizations.

Thanks to the PeerDAS mechanism, validators do not need to download the entire data, helping to reduce bandwidth and storage requirements, thereby cutting infrastructure costs for full nodes.

VanEck also stated that Fusaka will reinforce the role of ETH as a store of value and a payment tool, as revenue from transaction fees at the base layer may decrease as activities gradually shift to rollups, ETH will increasingly become the center of the security and validation process.

) Other changes

Besides PeerDAS, the other 11 changes in Fusaka, although smaller, are still important, including:

• Adjust the transaction fee calculation to more accurately reflect the actual network costs.
• Set a clearer block size limit to optimize performance.
• Add tools to help developers optimize Ethereum applications and enhance compatibility with current Internet security standards.

Overall, Fusaka helps the base layer of Ethereum become more stable, flexible, and business-friendly.

Continuing the upgrade series

After Dencun ###2024### and Pectra (2025), Fusaka marks the next step in the rapid upgrade roadmap of Ethereum, aiming to scale and enhance enterprise application capabilities.

The first test of Fusaka was conducted on October 1, and two subsequent tests will take place on October 14 and 28, before the development team finalizes the official launch date on the mainnet.

According to developers, Fusaka will pave the way for the next major upgrade in 2026 – Glamsterdam, focusing on the implementation of an integrated "proposer-builder separation" mechanism, making the block creation process safer and more transparent.

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