為何大型銀行拒絕使用公開帳本,轉而建立自己的區塊鏈?

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區塊鏈帳本的完全透明化與機構的風險管理方式相衝突,華爾街的傳統機構接受區塊鏈,但可能不會接受目前的形式。DRW 創辦人 Don Wilson 指出公鏈違背傳統金融業規範,華爾街金融界將更傾向發展私有區塊鏈。

公開帳本如何影響機構的信託責任?

傳統金融機構對於採用如以太坊 ETH Ethereum 等完全透明的公共區塊鏈持保留態度,核心原因在於公開帳本的特性與現行資產管理規範不符。DRW 創辦人兼執行長 Don Wilson 於數位資產峰會表示,基金管理人若將每一筆交易細節即時公佈於鏈上,本質上違反對客戶的信託責任。在現行市場結構下,大型投資者的意圖一旦提前曝光,極易引發市場跟風或反向操作,進而導致價格劇烈波動,損害原始交易者的利益。

透明度機制是否會加劇市場滑點與價格衝擊?

金融機構在執行大額交易時,必須極力避免市場察覺其操作模式。Wilson 分析,若機構在公共鏈上處置大量持股,其交易行為將完全暴露於公眾視線,其他市場參與者能迅速偵測並調整策略。這種高度透明化會對後續交易產生嚴重的 Price Impact(價格影響),導致交易成本攀升。換言之,公共區塊鏈的即時公開特性,對於需要分批執行、隱藏意圖的機構法人而言,反而成為一種交易弱點,而非技術優勢。

私有許可型網路更受大型銀行青睞

相較於追求去中心化與全面公開的公鏈,摩根大通 (JPMorgan Chase) 等大型金融機構更傾向建立私有或具備許可權限的區塊鏈網路。這些系統允許機構嚴格控管資料存取權與交易驗證者身分,符合金融法規對於合規與資產控管的要求。此外,公鏈上常見的交易順序操縱或搶先交易 (Front-Running) 問題,亦不符合傳統金融市場的穩定性需求。Wilson 強調,「隱私」是機構接納區塊鏈技術的首要前提,市場結構的保護優於技術的開放性。

現實世界資產代幣化的未來架構將如何演變?

儘管大型銀行對公鏈持謹慎態度,但 Real World Assets (現實世界資產,簡稱 RWA) 仍被視為巨大的轉型機遇。目前銀行與資產管理公司正積極測試將股票、債券等傳統資產移轉至區塊鏈,以提升清算效率。然而,未來的產業標準預計將與現有的公鏈架構有所區隔,雖然比特幣 (BTC) 等數位資產已發展出成熟的市場價值,但金融基礎設施的代幣化路徑,仍將優先考慮具備隱私保護與權限控管的封閉式區塊鏈。

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