New Explorations in Sharding Technology: The Possibilities Brought by Shardeum

The development of blockchain technology faces challenges related to scalability. To address this issue, Sharding technology has emerged. This article will explore the development history of Sharding technology, as well as the innovative solutions brought by the emerging public chain Shardeum.

1. Overview of Sharding Technology

The core idea of sharding technology is to divide the blockchain network into multiple sub-networks ( sharding ), where each shard processes transactions in parallel, thereby improving overall throughput. Implementing sharding requires addressing the following key issues:

1. Network Sharding: How to Allocate Nodes to Different Shards
2. Sharding: How to allocate transactions to the corresponding shards
3. State Sharding: How to Store and Synchronize State Between Shards
4. Cross-Sharding Communication: How to Handle Cross-Sharding Transactions

2. Analysis of Mainstream Sharding Solutions

1. Calculate Sharding

Zilliqa adopts computational Sharding, only sharding for transaction verification, without splitting the network and state. This approach is simple to implement, but has limited scalability.

2. Static State Sharding

Harmony, Elrond, Near, and others use static state Sharding, dividing the account address space into fixed-size shards.

Harmony uses the beacon chain to coordinate multiple Sharding chains, employing effective Proof of Stake (EPoS) and secure random sharding technology.

Elrond uses adaptive state Sharding, supporting the merging and splitting of shards. It employs a meta-chain design to achieve fast cross-shard transaction confirmations.

Near proposed the Nightshade protocol (, modeling the system as a single blockchain and implementing Sharding at the block level.

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3. The Innovation of Shardeum

Shardeum proposed two important innovations:

1. Transaction-level Consensus

Shardeum achieves consensus at the transaction level rather than the block level, allowing cross-Sharding transactions to be processed simultaneously, achieving atomicity and low latency.

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2. Dynamic State Sharding

Shardeum adopts dynamic state Sharding, where the address range covered by each node can overlap, achieving true linear scalability.

![A Detailed Explanation of the New Public Chain Shardeum: Another Possibility of Sharding])https://img-cdn.gateio.im/webp-social/moments-93daeddd2b8a13824f6237ed7fd61163.webp(

These innovations make Shardeum expected to achieve high throughput, low latency, and linear scalability.

IV. Conclusion

Sharding technology is still being explored and improved continuously. Shardeum's innovative solution provides new ideas for solving the scalability issues of blockchain. With the development of technology and the efforts of the community, we look forward to seeing more groundbreaking progress that promotes the large-scale application of blockchain technology.

![A Comprehensive Explanation of the New Public Chain Shardeum: Another Possibility of Sharding])https://img-cdn.gateio.im/webp-social/moments-d5254a1f137b64c6ce1a1f4033286822.webp(